« Back to Research Deepdives

Does the Timing of a Restricted Eating Period Matter?

This content is restricted to members.

To view our premium content, sign up for a membership:

 

Register New Account

Choose your membership level

Choose Your Payment Method

‹ Back to Research Deepdives

References

  1. Chaix A, Zarrinpar A. The effects of time-restricted feeding on lipid metabolism and adiposity. Adipocyte. 2015;4(4):319–24.
  2. Chaix A, Zarrinpar A, Miu P, Panda S. Time-restricted feeding is a preventative and therapeutic intervention against diverse nutritional challenges. Cell Metabolism. 2014;20(6):991–1005.
  3. Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, Cefalu WT, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes. Cell Metabolism. 2018;27(6):1212-1221.e3.
  4. Lowe DA, Wu N, Rohdin-bibby L, Moore AH, Kelly N, Liu YE, et al. Effects of Time-Restricted Eating on Weight Loss and Other Metabolic Parameters in Women and Men With Overweight and Obesity The TREAT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2020;94143:1–9.
  5. Hutchison AT, Regmi P, Manoogian ENC, Fleischer JG, Wittert GA, Panda S, et al. Time‐Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Men at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Obesity. 2019;oby.22449.
  6. Liu D, Huang Y, Huang C, Yang S, Wei X, Zhang P, et al. Calorie Restriction with or without Time-Restricted Eating in Weight Loss. New England Journal of Medicine. 2022;386(16):1495–504.
  7. Lindgren O, Mari A, Deacon CF, Carr RD, Winzell MS, Vikman J, et al. Differential islet and incretin hormone responses in morning versus afternoon after standardized meal in healthy men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2009;94(8):2887–92.
  8. Jovanovic A, Leverton E, Solanky B, Ravikumar B, Snaar JEM, Morris PG, et al. The second-meal phenomenon is associated with enhanced muscle glycogen storage in humans. Clinical Science. 2009;117(3):119–27.
  9. Lee SH, Tura A, Mari A, Ko SH, Kwon HS, Song KH, et al. Potentiation of the early-phase insulin response by a prior meal contributes to the second-meal phenomenon in type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Physiology – Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2011;301(5):984–90.
  10. Jakubowicz D, Wainstein J, Ahrén B, Bar-Dayan Y, Landau Z, Rabinovitz HR, et al. High-energy breakfast with low-energy dinner decreases overall daily hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia. 2015;58(5):912–9.
  11. Jakubowicz D, Wainstein J, Ahren B, Landau Z, Bar-Dayan Y, Froy O. Fasting until noon triggers increased postprandial hyperglycemia and impaired insulin response after lunch and dinner in individuals with type 2 Diabetes: A randomized clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(10):1820–6.
  12. Nas A, Mirza N, Hägele F, Kahlhöfer J, Keller J, Rising R, et al. Impact of breakfast skipping compared with dinner skipping on regulation of energy balance and metabolic risk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2017;105(6):1351–61.
  13. Cauter E van, Désir D, Decoster C, Féry F, Balasse EO. Nocturnal Decrease in Glucose Tolerance During Constant Glucose Infusion. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1989;69(3):604–11.
  14. Morgan LM, Shi JW, Hampton SM, Frost G. Effect of meal timing and glycaemic index on glucose control and insulin secretion in healthy volunteers. British Journal of Nutrition. 2012;108(7):1286–91.
  15. Jakubowicz D, Wainstein J, Ahrén B, Bar-Dayan Y, Landau Z, Rabinovitz HR, et al. High-energy breakfast with low-energy dinner decreases overall daily hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia. 2015;58(5):912–9.
  16. Flanagan A, Bechtold DA, Pot GK, Johnston JD. Chrono-nutrition: From molecular and neuronal mechanisms to human epidemiology and timed feeding patterns. Journal of Neurochemistry. 2021;157(1):53–72.
  17. Lee CH, Shih AZL, Woo YC, Fong CHY, Leung OY, Janus E, et al. Optimal Cut-Offs of Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) to Identify Dysglycemia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 15-Year Prospective Study in Chinese. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(9):e0163424.
  18. Jamshed H, Beyl RA, Manna DLD, Yang ES, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early time-restricted feeding improves 24-hour glucose levels and affects markers of the circadian clock, aging, and autophagy in humans. Nutrients. 2019;11(6):3–5.
  19. Jones R, Pabla P, Mallinson J, Nixon A, Taylor T, Bennett A, et al. Two weeks of early time-restricted feeding (eTRF) improves skeletal muscle insulin and anabolic sensitivity in healthy men. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020;112(4):1015–28.
  20. Ravussin E, Beyl RA, Poggiogalle E, Hsia DS, Peterson CM. Early Time‐Restricted Feeding Reduces Appetite and Increases Fat Oxidation But Does Not Affect Energy Expenditure in Humans. Obesity. 2019;27(8):1244–54.

For membership questions and public speaking enquiries, please get in touch